What effect does caffeine have in skincare formulations?

Caffeine is commonly included in skincare formulations due to its beneficial properties, particularly in terms of reducing puffiness and enhancing circulation. When applied topically, caffeine acts as a vasoconstrictor, which means it can narrow blood vessels. This action helps to temporarily reduce swelling and improve the appearance of dark circles under the eyes, leading to a more revitalized and refreshed look.

Moreover, by stimulating blood flow, caffeine may help to deliver nutrients to the skin cells more efficiently, promoting a healthy complexion. This is why it is often found in eye creams and products aimed at reducing signs of fatigue and aging.

The other options reflect misunderstandings of caffeine’s effects on the skin. For example, caffeine does not generally increase skin dryness or promote aging; rather, its antioxidant properties can help protect the skin from damage. Furthermore, it does not clog pores or lead to breakouts, making it a versatile ingredient in skincare formulations aimed at improving overall skin condition.